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AGRIS record
Record number DE1998T01358
Titles Dielectric and ultrasonic properties of rubber wood. Effect of moisture content, grain direction and frequency
Original title Dielektrische und Ultraschall-Eigenschaften von Hevea brasiliensis: Einfluss von Feuchte, Faserrichtung und Frequenz
Personal Authors Kabir, M.F. , Daud, W.M. , Khalid, K. , Sidek, H.A.A.
Corporate Authors Putra Univ., Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia). Dept. of Physics
Publication Date (1998)
AGRIS Subj. Cat. Processing of forest products ; Plant structure
AGROVOC Terms HEVEA BRASILIENSIS , HARDWOOD , MOISTURE CONTENT , DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES , ULTRASONICS , MECHANICAL PROPERTIES , WOOD ANATOMY , HEVEA BRASILIENSIS , BOIS DE FEUILLUS , TENEUR EN EAU , PROPRIETE DIELECTRIQUE , ULTRASON , PROPRIETE MECANIQUE , ANATOMIE DU BOIS , HEVEA BRASILIENSIS , MADERA DE FRONDOSAS , CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD , PROPIEDADES DIELECTRICAS , ULTRASONIDO , PROPIEDADES MECANICAS , ANATOMIA DE LA MADERA
Other subjects CHEMICOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES , EUPHORBIACEAE , FOREST PRODUCTS , HEVEA , PLANT ANATOMY , RADIATION , SOUND , WOOD , ANATOMIE VEGETALE , BOIS , EUPHORBIACEAE , HEVEA , PRODUIT FORESTIER , PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE , RADIATION , SON (ACOUSTIQUE) , ANATOMIA DE LA PLANTA , EUPHORBIACEAE , HEVEA , MADERA , PRODUCTOS FORESTALES , PROPIEDADES FISICOQUIMICAS , RADIACION , SONIDO
Language En
Notes Summaries (De, En)
English Abstract Dielectric properties of rubber wood have been studied at low and microwave frequencies with different moisture content and grain direction. The ultrasonic properties were studied with pulsed longitudinal waves of frequency 45 kHz. Two anisotropic directions have been considered for this study – parallel and perpendicular to grain. The low frequencies were of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 Hz and microwave frequencies were of 1, 2.45, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 17 GHz. The moisture content affected the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor both at low and microwave frequencies. The moisture content above 30% showed little influence on dielectric properties, whereas it increases linearly from 0 to 30% in both the grain directions at low frequencies. A continuous increase of dielectric properties, was obtained with the increase of moisture content at microwave frequencies, and the trend becomes concave upward. Dielectric properties increase as the frequencies increase – except dielectric loss factor at microwave frequencies, where reverse trends were observed. Little change of dielectric loss factor was obtained at frequencies above 6 GHz. The parallel to grain direction showed higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor compared to perpendicular to grain direction. This dielectric anisotropy of wood may be attributed to the microscopic, macroscopic molecular as well as chemical constituents of wood. Ultrasonic properties were also affected considerably by the moisture content and grain direction. The dried wood showed higher ultrasonic velocity and elastic stiffness constant compared to green wood. The parallel to grain direction exhibits higher ultrasonic velocity and elastic stiffness constant than perpendicular to grain.
Type Summary
Availability BLE ( Germany )
Availability number 1998T01358
Serial Title Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff (Germany)
Serial ID – ISSN 0018-3768
Serial number v. 56(4) p. 223-227
Serial Date (1998)
For document availability, please contact:
BLE ( Germany )
Villichgasse 17
53177 Bonn; D-53168 Bonn , Germany
Tel: +49 228 9548-0
Fax: +49 228 9548-111
Email: zadi@zadi.de; winkelmann@zadi.de
URL: http://www.zadi.de
AGRIS record
Record number MY9705024
Titles Ultrasonic studies of palm oil and other vegetable oils
Personal Authors Sidek, H.A.A. , Chow, S.P. , Shaari, A.H. , Senin, H.B. (Pertanian Malaysia Univ., Serdang, Selangor (Malaysia). Dept. of Physics. Ultrasonic Research Laboratory)
Publication Date (Jun 1996)
AGRIS Subj. Cat. Food science and technology
AGROVOC Terms HUILE DE PALME , HUILE VEGETALE , ULTRASON , PROPRIETE PHYSICOCHIMIQUE , SON (ACOUSTIQUE) , ACEITES DE PALMAS , ACEITES VEGETALES , ULTRASONIDO , PROPIEDADES FISICO-QUIMICAS , SONIDO
Other subjects HUILE , HUILE VEGETALE , PRODUIT TRANSFORME , PRODUIT VEGETAL TRANSFORME , RADIATION , SON (ACOUSTIQUE) , ACEITES , ACEITES VEGETALES , PRODUCTOS PROCESADOS , PRODUCTOS VEGETALES PROCESADOS , RADIACION , SONIDO
Language En
Notes Summary (En) , ill.; 2 tables; 18 ref.
English Abstract This paper reports the propagation and the attenuation of sound waves in crude palm oil (CPO), refined bleached deodorized (RBD) palm oil, palm olein and some other vegetable oils: coconut oil, corn oil and soyabean oil. The ultrasonic pulse echo overlapped technique has been employed to obtain the ultrasonic properties of the oils from room temperature up to 90 degrees C. The velocity of sound in vegetable oil products decreases linearly with temperature, while their ultrasonic attenuation (alpha) decreases exponentially with temperature. By using an MBS 8040 ultrasonic analyzer, we observed that alpha/f2 decreases nonlinearly with frequency (f), which is mainly due to a relaxation process. The ultrasonic properties of the oils are very dependent on their viscosity, density and molecular structure. The ultrasonic wave velocity and attenuation coefficient can be used as a basic tool to identify Malaysian palm oil
Type Summary
Availability LUPM ( Malaysia )
Availability number 9705024
Serial Title Elaeis (Malaysia) ; The International Journal of Oil Palm Research and Development
Serial ID – ISSN 0128-1828
Serial number v. 8(1) p. 37-44
Serial Date (Jun 1996)
For document availability, please contact:
LUPM ( Malaysia )
43400 UPM Serdang
Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
Contact: Ms Fatimah Zahrah Aishah AMRAN
Tel: +603 89468625
Fax: +603-89483745
Email: amza@lib.upm.edu.my; nhab@lib.upm.edu.my
URL: http://www.lib.upm.edu.my
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Dan lainnya seperti kita.
Adzrif Effendy
Seri Serdang 10 Ogos 2010
Apa kata survei?
Internet > Physics !!!
8 Reasons Why No Student Should Go
Through High School Without Taking Physics
The significant advantages of taking high school physics is one of the best kept secrets in American education.
For most students physics is challenging. Many lack the confidence to attempt it unless
encouraged to do so and all too often that does not happen. Part of the reason is the fact that relatively few high school science teachers, let alone counselors and administrators, have had significant training in physics or are fully aware of its significance to career possibilities.
Individuals who are well qualified to teach physics are often attracted away from teaching by the significantly higher paychecks available in industry. Those students fortunate enough to attend a high school with a strong physics program should make every effort to take advantage of it for the following reasons:
1. Most modern technology came from physics. Any technology involving electricity,
magnetism, mechanics, heat, light, sound, optics, etc. comes from physics. Even though the basic knowledge required to discover fertilizers, drugs, plastics, and chemicals comes from chemistry and in some cases biology, all of these items have to be manufactured, and manufacturing is dominated by physics-based technology.
2. Most branches of sciences contain principles obtained from physics. Like technology, it is hard to find a branch of science which does not contain some physics-related aspect such as electricity, magnetism, mechanics, heat, light, sound, optics, etc. Chemistry in particular becomes indistinguishable from physics when delving into the atomic model. Physics has been called the most basic science and in many cases it is required in order to understand concepts in other sciences.
3. Physics classes can help polish the thinking skills. Physics classes provide practice in both algebra and geometry. However, physics is not a math class. To understand the concepts of physics students have to use analogies. To work physics problems, students must be able to read and comprehend short paragraphs packed with information. Physics develops both math and verbal skills.
4. Employee recognize the value of physics classes. Employee tend to be favorably impressed by transcripts containing challenging classes like physics. They know it is relatively easy to attain a high GPA by taking a light course load. Success in physics is considered a sign of academic maturity and ability. Some private sectors will deny entrance to students who have not taken physics subject.
5. College success for virtually all science, computer, engineering, and premedical majors depends on passing physics. College level physics is a required course for all of these majors. Engineering is almost entirely applied physics. Pre-medicine majors are typically required to take the same number of physics as biology classes! Also, about 25% of the science knowledge required for the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) is based on physics. College physics courses for freshman often have 200 or more students in them and can be impersonal. They move at a fast pace and have a high failure rate. Some colleges will not allow a student to take college level physics unless they have had high school physics. Studies (ref 2,4) indicate that a high quality high school physics course helps significantly reduce the failure rate in college-level physics.
These studies suggest that students with a high school physics course score on average about one letter grade higher in college physics than students with no high school physics background.
Students themselves typically indicate that high school physics is a significant factor in their ability to handle college-level physics material.
6. Physics classes hone thinking skills. Physics is about the only high school-level class which requires both mathematical and verbal skills. All problems in physics are word problems which require students to think logically, use analogies, and deal with subtle shades of meaning. Passing scores in AP (Advanced Placement) calculus correlate with high PSAT math scores. Passing scores in AP literature courses correlate with high PSAT verbal scores. AP physics is the only AP course where passing scores correlate with both high verbal and high math PSAT scores. Physics courses teach students to think and this is a valuable skill apart from the knowledge content of physics. For instance the law school entrance exam LSAT requires no particular content knowledge, however, about 67% of an applicant’s score depends on answering logical reasoning and logic game questions.
7. The job market for people with skills in physics is strong. Engineers are applied physicists and comprise the second largest profession in America (second only to teaching) with about 1.4 million members. By comparison, there are about 500 thousand medical doctors and only around 100 thousand biologists. However, even medical doctors and most biologists have to take college-level physics courses. Knowledge of physics is a prerequisite for many forms of employment.
8. A knowledge of physics is needed to understand music, art, and literature.
Physics is the science which deals with sound. It is impossible to understand how instruments work or to build a theory of music without resorting to physics. Einstein, for instance, was an accomplished violinist.
Physics is also the science of light. What could be more basic to an understanding of art? Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great artist but also an outstanding physicist. He was one of the first physicists to develop a wave theory of light.
Clearly physicists have been influenced by literary figures. The physics term quark was taken from James Joyce and the term boojaums from Lewis Carroll (ref 12). By the same token, many commonly used expressions in our everyday language come from physics.
These include quantum leap, free fall, light years, black holes, resonance, and being on the same wave length. Many authors have used allusions to physics in their literary works. William Faulkner, for instance, used the symbolism of time dilation in The Sound and the Fury. John Updike and a host of other poets have used physics metaphors in their work. The arts and humanities cannot be fully understood without some background in physics.
Source: Internet
Kosmo > Interaktif dengan LectureMAKER
Oleh NADZARUL AMIR ZAINAL AZAM
Sumber: Kosmo Online
amir.azam@kosmo.com.my
BAYANGKAN kaedah pembelajaran konvensional menggunakan papan putih atau buku-buku teks mengalami transformasi dengan penggunaan komputer melalui sistem e-pembelajaran.
Kaedah e-pembelajaran itu tentu bakal memudahkan lagi pelajar khususnya di sekolah kerana tidak perlu lagi memikul lambakan buku teks yang berat sehingga membebankan mereka.
Senario tersebut mungkin agak ke hadapan untuk difikirkan tetapi tidak mustahil menjadi kenyataan pada satu hari nanti dengan teknologi dan perisian terkini.
Kaedah e-pembelajaran yang mengetengahkan elemen seperti interaktif, multimedia, kesan bunyi dan banyak lagi dijangka mampu membuka mata serta menambah minat pelajar apabila mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas.
Bahkan, pada hari ini transformasi tersebut sudah mula kelihatan apabila sesetengah Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA) dan Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta (IPTS) menggunakan perisian pengarangan kandungan untuk mengajar di dalam kuliah mereka.
Bagaimanapun, perbelanjaan tinggi diperlukan untuk membangunkan kandungan e-pembelajaran tersebut kerana mesti melantik syarikat tertentu bagi menghasilkan produk berkualiti.
Namun begitu, ia bakal berubah apabila Telekom Smart School Sdn. Bhd. (TSS) memperkenalkan perisian pengarangan kandungan multimedia LectureMAKER untuk memenuhi permintaan segmen pasaran pendidikan.
Bina kandungan sendiri
Perisian yang dibangunkan oleh sebuah syarikat dari Korea, Daulsoft Co. Ltd. itu dijangka mampu dapat merevolusikan sistem pendidikan di negara ini apabila tenaga pengajar atau pun sesiapa sahaja mampu membangunkan kandungan e-pembelajaran mereka sendiri.
PERISIAN pengarangan multimedia, LectureMAKER dijangka merancakkan pembangunan e-pembelajaran dalam pendidikan negara.
FAZLUR RAHMAN menunjukkan perisian LectureMAKER pada pelancaran produk itu baru-baru ini.
LectureMAKER tidak sukar untuk dikendalikan kerana mereka yang sudah biasa dengan aplikasi Microsoft PowerPoint dapat menggunakannya dengan baik memandangkan antara muka perisian itu mesra pengguna.
Anda boleh memasukkan teks dan grafik pada bahan pembelajaran mereka dengan mudah, malah perisian itu turut dilengkapi ciri-ciri tambahan komponen multimedia termasuk merakam, menyunting video, menambah audio dan sebagainya.
Dengan adanya komponen multimedia itu, pengguna terutama tenaga pengajar dapat membangunkan satu kandungan e-pembelajaran interaktif untuk pelajar-pelajar mereka.
Perisian tersebut juga didatangkan dengan beberapa contoh templat reka bentuk bentangan untuk digunakan dalam pembangunan kandungan e-pembelajaran mengikut kreativiti pengguna.
Bahan-bahan multimedia lain seperti fail Macromedia Flash, bahasa penanda hiperteks (HTML), Microsoft PowerPoint, imej dan banyak lagi juga boleh dimasukkan untuk memastikan bahan yang lebih interaktif dapat disediakan.
Bagi tenaga pengajar pula aplikasi menyunting untuk mereka grafik sesuai bagi membuat graf, formula, kotak teks, jadual, bentuk, karakter istimewa disediakan berbanding menggunakan imej sebelum ini.
PENGGUNAAN perisian LectureMAKER mudah dan mampu menjimatkan kos.
Mudah digunakan
Pengerusi TSS, Fazlur Rahman Zainuddin berkata, perisian pengarangan e-pembelajaran, LectureMAKER merupakan kelengkapan terbaik dan mudah digunakan oleh sesiapa sahaja.
“Ia disasarkan kepada para guru, pensyarah, pelatih dan komuniti akademik untuk menghasilkan bahan pengajaran yang dinamik, malah membenarkan pengguna melakukan suntingan terus terhadap bahan tersebut.
“Saya berharap lebih banyak e-kandungan akan dihasilkan oleh golongan pengajar lantas mengembangkan lagi industri pembelajaran secara talian,” katanya.
Fazlur Rahman menambah, LectureMAKER merupakan penyelesaian lengkap bukan sahaja untuk menghasilkan kandungan e-pembelajaran tetapi dapat menyunting fail media.
Ujarnya lagi, perisian itu dilengkapi dengan ciri-ciri pengarangan dan penyuntingan multimedia terkini bagi membolehkan tenaga pengajar membangunkan kerja kursus lebih berkesan.
“Tenaga pengajar boleh menggunakan multimedia, penilaian, kandungan boleh ubah dan navigasi berangkai dalam pembangunan e-pembelajaran mereka.
“Bahan-bahannya tidak terhad kepada teks dan grafik sahaja, malah pengguna boleh menghasilkan kandungan yang kaya dengan multimedia,” katanya lagi.
Tambah Fazlur Rahman lagi, ini termasuk penggunaan video, mikrofon dan kamera web.
Katanya, ia merupakan kelengkapan terbaik dan mudah digunakan untuk pengguna yang ingin menghasilkan e-kandungan mereka sendiri.
“Pembangunan e-pembelajaran yang dihasilkan melalui LectureMAKER juga boleh digabungkan dalam Learning Management System (LMS) sekali gus membolehkan kandungan itu dikongsi dengan lebih ramai tenaga pengajar serta pelajar.
“Ia juga dapat menerapkan nilai berkongsi dan mendatangkan faedah dalam penerbitan kandungan dalam sektor pendidikan,” ujarnya lagi.
LectureMAKER bukan sahaja memberi manfaat kepada golongan tenaga pengajar tetapi juga para pelajar. Mereka boleh menggunakan perisian itu bagi menunjukkan kreativiti dan kemahiran pembentangan melalui penghasilan multimedia menarik.
E-PEMBELAJARAN dapat menambahkan minat dan fokus pelajar di dalam kelas.
Sementara itu, Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif TSS, Zainudin Ismail memberitahu, kemunculan LectureMAKER mampu mengurangkan perbelanjaan kepada organisasi mahupun sektor pendidikan negara.
“Pengguna hari ini ingin menghasilkan kandungan dengan kadar segera tetapi secara kos efektif.
“Menyerahkan pembangunan kandungan kepada pihak luar mungkin mahal dan tidak praktikal buat tenaga pengajar yang perlu menghasilkannya untuk kerja kursus seharian mereka. Maka LectureMAKER adalah pilihan terbaik,” ujarnya.
Katanya lagi, TSS juga menawarkan beberapa skim dan promosi kepada pihak yang berminat mendapatkan perisian tersebut.
LectureMAKER kini ditawarkan pada harga RM2,160 hingga RM3,600.
Ensiklopedia Sains | Kanak-Kanak
SATU KHAZANAH yang semestinya anda miliki untuk keluarga tercinta.
Ensiklopedia Sains dan al-Quran untuk Kanak-kanak adalah sebuah set ensiklopedia yang lengkap, sesuai dijadikan sebagai bahan rujukan tambahan subjek Sains untuk murid-murid sekolah rendah hingga menengah rendah.
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Tidak terhad kepada fakta sains sahaja, setiap tajuk dilampirkan bersama petikan ayat al-Quran sebagai rujukan perkaitan fakta sains dan al-Quran.
Sebuah pelaburan yang tidak ternilai bagi setiap keluarga yang memiliki ensiklopedia ini. Satu rumah satu ensiklopedia, membantu dan mendorong anak-anak menambah ilmu pengetahuan
http://ensiklopediasainskanak-kanak.com/